Obverse. Photo © Bank of Mexico
  • 20 Pesos 2021, KM# 996, Mexico, 700th Anniversary of Tenochtitlan
  • 20 Pesos 2021, KM# 996, Mexico, 700th Anniversary of Tenochtitlan
Description

Tenochtitlan, also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexica altepetl in what is now the historic centre of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear. The date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the city. The city was built on an island in what was then Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico. The city was the capital of the expanding Aztec Empire in the 15th century until it was captured by the Spanish in 1521.

At its peak, it was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas. It subsequently became a cabecera of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Today, the ruins of Tenochtitlan are in the historic centre of the Mexican capital. The World Heritage Site of Xochimilco contains what remains of the geography (water, boats, floating gardens) of the Mexica capital.

The coin marks “700 years of the lunar foundation of Mexico City-Tenochtitlan,” according to the Bank of Mexico.

Issue date: September 27, 2021

Obverse

Depicts the seal of the United Mexican States.

The Seal of the United Mexican States is a modified version of the national coat of arms, with the addition of the full official name of the country Estados Unidos Mexicanos, in a semi-circular accommodation in the upper part of the seal. Current and past Mexican peso coinage have had the seal engraved on the obverse of all denominations.

The coat of arms depicts a Mexican golden eagle perched on a prickly pear cactus devouring a rattlesnake. To the people of Tenochtitlan this would have strong religious connotations, but to the Europeans, it would come to symbolize the triumph of good over evil (with the snake sometimes representative of the serpent in the Garden of Eden).

ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS

Reverse

Depicts the eagle from the Teocalli of the Sacred War appears in the centre, with the microtext "TEOCALLI" above the eagle. On the right-hand side, the glyph of the moon appears as a latent image. The upper edge includes the legend 700 YEARS OF THE LUNAR FOUNDATION OF THE CITY OF MEXICO-TENOCHTITLAN. The denomination "$20" appears on the exergue. To the right of the exergue there is the year "2021" and, to the left of the exergue, the Mexican Mint mark "M°". There are security features including a “latent image” that can only be seen if the coin is tilted.

The Teocalli of the Sacred War (teocalli is Nahuatl for "temple;" Spanish: El Teocalli de la Guerra Sagrada) is the name given by archaeologist Alfonso Caso to a monolithic pre-Columbian miniature of an Aztec temple, thought by some to have served as a throne for Motecuhzoma II. The sculpture was first discovered in 1831 in the foundations of the National Palace of Mexico, but was not removed until the 1920s. It is now located in the Museo Nacional de Antropología, Mexico City.

On the back of the sculpture is a depiction of an eagle on a prickly pear cactus (similar to the coat of arms of Mexico). The eagle, a representation of Huitzilopochtli, holds in its beak the glyph for war, atl-tlachinolli. Although part of the relief has eroded, the cactus appears to grow from a defeated Chalchiuhtlicue, goddess of lakes and streams.

700 AÑOS DE LA FUNDACIÓN LUNAR DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO-TENOCHTITLAN
TEOCALLI
M° $20 2021

Edge

20 Pesos

700th Anniversary of Tenochtitlan

KM# 996
Characteristics
Type Commemorative Issue (Circulating)
Material Bi-Metallic
Ring Aluminium Bronze
Center Copper Nickel Zinc
Weight 12.67 g
Diameter 30 mm
Thickness 2.4 mm
Shape polygon
Sides 12
Alignment Coin
Mint
Mexican Mint (Mo)

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