1 Dirham: History

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amado , 13.12.2022 23:10

#4

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Obverse description		Depicts the inscriptions in Arabic "Muhammad is the Messenger of God" and “He sent him with guidance and the true religion to make it victorious over every religion although those who associate others with God dislike it”, "For God", "Muhammad is the Messenger of God", "Al-Muti lillah" and "Al-Ikhshid". ( Muhammad is normally cited only as al-Ikhshid on his coins.) Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Ṭughj ibn Juff ibn Yiltakīn ibn Fūrān ibn Fūrī ibn Khāqān (882–946), better known by the title al-Ikhshīd after 939, was an Abbasid commander and governor who became the autonomous ruler of Egypt and parts of Syria (Levant) from 935 until his death in 946. He was the founder of the Ikhshidid dynasty, which ruled the region until the Fatimid conquest of 969.	Depicts the inscriptions in Arabic "Muhammad is the Messenger of God" and “He sent him with guidance and the true religion to make it victorious over every religion although those who associate others with God dislike it”, "For God", "Muhammad is the Messenger of God", "Al-Muti lillah" and "Al-Ikhshid".

amado , 13.12.2022 23:10

amado , 13.12.2022 21:49

#3

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Obverse lettering		محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى ودين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون لله محمد رسول الله المطيع لله الاخشيد	لله محمد رسول الله المتقي لله الاخشيد محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى ودين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون
Obverse description		Depicts the inscriptions in Arabic "Muhammad is the Messenger of God" and “He sent him with guidance and the true religion to make it victorious over every religion although those who associate others with God dislike it.”, "For God", "Muhammad is the Messenger of God", "Al-Muti lillah" and "Al-Ikhshid",	Depicts the inscriptions in Arabic "For God", "Muhammad is the Messenger of God", "al-Muttaqi lillah", "al-Ikhshid", and “He sent him with guidance and the true religion to make it victorious over every religion although those who associate others with God dislike it.”
Reverse lettering		لله الأمر من قبل و من بعد و يومئذ يفرح المؤمنون بنصر الله بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بمصر سنة احدى و ثلثين و ثلثمئة لا اله الا الله وحده لا شريك له	لا اله الا الله وحده لا شريك له لله الأمر من قبل و من بعد و يومئذ يفرح المؤمنون بنصر الله بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بمصر سنة احدى و ثلثين و ثلثمئة
Reverse description		Depicts the inscriptions in Arabic "To God belongs the command before and after, and at that time the believers will rejoice in the victory of God", "In the name of God. This dirham was struck in Misr (Egypt) in the year 331." and “There is no god but God alone / He has no associate".	Depicts the inscriptions in Arabic “There is no god but God alone / He has no associate", "To God belongs the command before and after, and at that time the believers will rejoice in the victory of God" and "In the name of God. This dirham was struck in Misr (Egypt) in the year 331."
Ruler		none	Al-Muttaqi
Ruler		Al-Muti	none
Coin description		The Abbasid Caliphate (Arabic: الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from the prophet's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH). The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the ancient Babylonian capital city of Babylon. Baghdad became the center of science, culture and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Abū ʾl-Qāsim al-Faḍl ibn al-Muqtadir (913/14–974), better known by his regnal name of al-Mutīʿ li-ʾllāh (lit. 'Obedient to God'), was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 946 to 974, ruling under the tutelage of the Buyid emirs. Al-Muti's reign represented the nadir of the Abbasid caliphate's power and authority. In previous decades, the secular authority of the caliphs had shrunk to Iraq, and even there had been curtailed by powerful warlords; with the Buyid conquest of Baghdad, it was now abolished entirely. Al-Muti was raised to the throne by the Buyids and was effectively reduced to a rubber-stamp figurehead, albeit with some vestiges of authority over judicial and religious appointments in Iraq. The very fact of his subordination and powerlessness helped restore some stability to the caliphal institution: in stark contrast to his short-lived and violently deposed predecessors, al-Muti enjoyed a long and relatively unchallenged tenure and was able to hand over the throne to his son al-Ta'i. The Ikhshidid dynasty was a Turkic mamluk dynasty that ruled Egypt and the Levant from 935 to 969. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, a Turkic Mamluk soldier, was appointed governor by the Abbasid Caliph al-Radi. The dynasty carried the Arabic title "Wāli" reflecting their position as governors on behalf of the Abbasids. The Ikhshidids came to an end when the Fatimid army conquered Fustat in 969. The Ikhshidid family tomb was in Jerusalem.	The Abbasid Caliphate (Arabic: الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from the prophet's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH). The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the ancient Babylonian capital city of Babylon. Baghdad became the center of science, culture and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Jaʿfar al-Muqtadir better known by his regnal title Al-Muttaqi (908–968) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 940 to 944. His reign marked the start of the 'later Abbasid period' (940–1258). The Ikhshidid dynasty was a Turkic mamluk dynasty that ruled Egypt and the Levant from 935 to 969. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, a Turkic Mamluk soldier, was appointed governor by the Abbasid Caliph al-Radi. The dynasty carried the Arabic title "Wāli" reflecting their position as governors on behalf of the Abbasids. The Ikhshidids came to an end when the Fatimid army conquered Fustat in 969. The Ikhshidid family tomb was in Jerusalem.
Catalogue Number		Album# 675	Album# A675

amado , 13.12.2022 21:49

amado , 30.11.2022 21:14

#2

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Reverse lettering		لا اله الا الله وحده لا شريك له لله الأمر من قبل و من بعد و يومئذ يفرح المؤمنون بنصر الله بسم الله ضرب هذا الدرهم بمصر سنة احدى و ثلثين و ثلثمئة	لا اله الا الله وحده لا شريك له لله الأمر من قبل و من بعد و يومئذ يفرح المؤمنون بنصر الله بسم الله ضرب هذا الدينار بمصر سنة احدى و ثلثين و ثلثمئة
Reverse description		Depicts the inscriptions in Arabic “There is no god but God alone / He has no associate", "To God belongs the command before and after, and at that time the believers will rejoice in the victory of God" and "In the name of God. This dirham was struck in Misr (Egypt) in the year 331."	Depicts the inscriptions in Arabic “There is no god but God alone / He has no associate", "To God belongs the command before and after, and at that time the believers will rejoice in the victory of God" and "In the name of God. This dinar was struck in Misr (Egypt) in the year 331."
Currency		Dirham	Dinar

amado , 30.11.2022 21:14

amado , 29.11.2022 21:51

#1

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Item		1 Dirham, Abbasid Caliphate	none

Alexander Malioukov, 30.11.2022 17:28