500 Forint: History

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Alexander Malioukov, 30.03.2024 01:31

#2

Field	Accept	Update	Old version
Photo		none	Position: 1 Source: monetarium.hu Link: http://monetarium.hu/500-forint-1992-bu-laszlo Cover: Yes
		none	Position: 2 Source: monetarium.hu Link: http://monetarium.hu/500-forint-1992-bu-laszlo Cover: Yes
		none	Position: 3 Source: monetarium.hu Link: http://monetarium.hu/I-laszlo-denar-eh-19-3 Comment: Saint Ladislaus I. 1077-1095 denarius Cover: Yes
		Position: 4 Source: Monetarium Numizmatika Link: http://monetarium.hu/ Cover: Yes	none
		Position: 5 Source: Monetarium Numizmatika Link: http://monetarium.hu/ Cover: Yes	none
		Position: 6 Source: Monetarium Numizmatika Link: http://monetarium.hu/ Comment: Denar, Ladislaus I, 1077-1095	none
Obverse Object		Person (king, queen, tsar etc.) → Saint Ladislas I	Person (king, queen, tsar etc.) → Saint Ladislaus I
Obverse Object		Art (sculpture, painting etc.) → Herm, herma	Crown, jewelry → Crown
Obverse description		Depicts the herm of Saint Ladislaus with a halo around the head, surrounded by the Latin inscription above "Ladislaus King Canonized 1192", engraver's initials (LF) on the right. A herma, also known as herm in English, is a sculpture featuring a head and possibly a torso above a plain, typically square lower section. Male genitals may also be carved at the appropriate height. The name "hermae" originates either from the prevalence of Hermes' head or from its connection with the Greek word ἕρματα (érma), meaning stone blocks, which initially had no association with Hermes. This form originated in ancient Greece, was adopted by the Romans (referred to as mercuriae), and experienced a revival during the Renaissance in the form of term figures and atlantes. The Saint Ladislaus herm is a revered relic containing a portion of the skull of King Ladislaus I of Hungary, cherished by the Hungarian people and Hungarian Catholics. After his canonization, Ladislaus's body was interred in a grand tomb, while his head was placed in a separate reliquary for religious veneration. Originally crafted from wood, the reliquary was lost in a fire in 1406, but the skull remained intact. A new herm, adorned in silver with an exposed top for touching, was created during King Sigismund's reign, designed to be opened from above. Passing through various hands, including the Báthory family, it eventually came under the ownership of the Diocese of Győr in 1606. The herm underwent restoration in Prague, and parts of it, such as the jawbone, were separated and relocated to different locations for safekeeping. In 1861, the herm found its current home in the Basilica of Győr, where it is displayed on a new altar under ornate glass. Legend has it that during an earthquake in Győr in 1762, prayers to Saint Ladislaus spared the city from significant damage, leading to an annual procession of the herm through the city as a sign of gratitude and protection. Though interrupted for a time, this tradition has since been reinstated and continues to be observed in solemn ceremonies.	Depicts the herma of Saint Ladislaus, with a halo around the head. To the right, below the head, is the designer's initials "LF". In the encircling inscription, the lowercase printed text reads "LADISLAUS REX CANONISATUS 1192". The herma of Saint Ladislaus is a head reliquary that contains a piece of the skull of King Ladislaus I of Hungary and is one of the most important historical relics of the Hungarian people and Hungarian Catholicism. Following his canonization, his tomb was opened, and while his body was placed in an ornate grave as befitting, his head was put into a separate reliquary to serve as an object of religious veneration. The original reliquary, made of wood, was destroyed in a fire in 1406, but fortunately, the skull remained unharmed. The herma that is visible today was made during the reign of King Sigismund, with the skull covered in silver, leaving the top exposed for it to be touched. This design allowed for the herma to be opened from the top. The herma later came into possession of the Báthory family, and then in 1606, thanks to Demeter Naprágyi, it became the property of the Diocese of Győr, as he was appointed the Bishop of Győr. The bust was restored in Prague, during which the genuine gemstones on the crown were replaced. After this, due to the Turkish occupation, it was kept in Borostyánkő Castle and later returned to Győr after 1945. In the late 15th century, the jawbone was separated from the skull and is now kept in Bologna. In 1775, Bishop Ferenc Zichy donated a piece of the occipital bone to the Cathedral of Nagyvárad, where it is also kept in an ornate herma. In 1861, the herma was relocated to the Hédervári Chapel, where it was placed on a new altar, covered with ornate glass. Currently, it is housed in the Basilica of Győr. A legend is also associated with the veneration of the herma, which tells of an earthquake in Győr in 1762. People prayed to Saint Ladislaus for help to save the city, and as no significant damage occurred, Bishop Ferenc Zichy ordered that the herma be paraded through the city in procession every year. Although this tradition was interrupted between 1950 and 1989, it has since been reinstated and continues to take place in solemn ceremonies.
Coin description		Ladislaus I (1040 – 1095), also known as Saint Ladislas, ruled as King of Hungary from 1077 and King of Croatia from 1091. He was the son of King Béla I of Hungary and Richeza of Poland. Initially, Ladislaus and his brother Géza supported their cousin Solomon as king, but their relationship soured, leading to rebellion. After Géza's death, Ladislaus became king, facing resistance from Solomon and German King Henry IV. Ladislaus focused on restoring public safety, implementing strict laws, and expanding Hungary's territory into Croatia. He secured the kingdom's eastern borders against threats from the Pechenegs and Cumans. Ladislaus clashed with the Holy See over Croatia's sovereignty. Canonized in 1192, he is revered as a pious knight-king and remains a popular saint in Hungary and neighboring countries. Engraver: Ferenc Lebó	Saint Ladislaus I, known as Szent László király in Hungarian, played a crucial role in shaping Hungary's history. Born in 1040, he ruled from 1077 until his death in 1095. Saint Ladislaus was renowned for his devout Christian faith and his determination to protect his kingdom. According to assumptions, he was crowned twice: first with the Greek crown, and then for the second time in 1081, when the Hungarian coronation insignia were returned from Salamon. Throughout his reign, Saint Ladislaus expanded Hungary's borders through successful military campaigns and implemented reforms to strengthen governance and justice. He was a fervent supporter of Christianity, overseeing the construction of churches and monasteries and demonstrating compassion towards the less fortunate. Saint Ladislaus's military achievements and religious devotion earned him widespread admiration, leading to his canonization as a saint by Pope Celestine III in 1192. Today, he is revered as a national hero and symbol of Hungarian identity, honored as the patron saint of soldiers, kings, and the nation. Engraver: Ferenc Lebó
Topic		800th Anniversary of Canonization of King Ladislaus I	800th Anniversary of Canonization of King Ladislaus

Alexander Malioukov, 30.03.2024 01:31

Péter Kiss, 29.03.2024 12:11

#1

Field	Accept	Update	Old version
Item		500 Forint, Hungary	none

Alexander Malioukov, 30.03.2024 01:31