500 Forint: History

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Alexander Malioukov, 30.03.2024 01:08

#2

Field	Accept	Update	Old version
Photo		none	Position: 1 Source: monetarium.hu Link: http://monetarium.hu/telstar-500-forint-1992-proof Cover: Yes
		none	Position: 2 Source: monetarium.hu Link: http://monetarium.hu/telstar-500-forint-1992-proof Cover: Yes
		Position: 3 Source: Monetarium Numizmatika Link: http://monetarium.hu/ Cover: Yes	none
		Position: 4 Source: Monetarium Numizmatika Link: http://monetarium.hu/ Cover: Yes	none
Obverse description		Depicts a stylized depiction of Earth's northern hemisphere with the Telstar 1 telecommunications satellite in orbit above. Below is a compass rose.	Depicts slightly to the right of the center of the coin is a stylized image of the northern hemisphere of Earth with the "Telstar 1" telecommunications satellite orbiting above it. Below, slightly to the right of the centerline, between two lines of longitude, a compass rose is visible. Curving on the left side is the inscription "TELSTAR 1", while on the right side, the year of the satellite's launch "1962" is displayed.
Reverse Object		Crown, jewelry → Holy Crown of Hungary	none
Reverse Object		Symbol, amulet, talisman → Two-barred cross	none
Reverse description		Depicts slightly to the left of the center the coat of arms of the Republic of Hungary, the country name above, the denomination, issue year and the mintmark (BP) on the right, and the engraver's name on the left. The Hungarian coat of arms, adopted in 1919 and reaffirmed on July 3, 1990, features a vertically divided shield with a rounded base. The left field displays eight red and silver horizontal bars, symbolizing the Árpád dynasty, while the right field depicts three green hills with a golden crown on the center hill and a silver patriarchal cross emerging from it. These elements represent the Danube, Tisza, Dráva, and Száva rivers, and the Tátra, Mátra, and Fátra mountain ranges. Atop the shield rests the Holy Crown of Hungary, also known as the Crown of Saint Stephen, which has been used for coronations since the 12th century. The crown's cross was tilted in the 17th century due to damage, and it has remained in this position since then, symbolizing the enduring history and legitimacy of Hungarian monarchs.	Depicts slightly to the left of the center of the coin is the coat of arms of the Republic of Hungary, with the cross of the crown nestled between the words "MAGYAR" and "KÖZTÁRSASÁG". On the right side of the coat of arms, arranged in four interwoven rows, are the denomination, the issuance year and the mint mark. On the left side of the coat of arms, at the bottom, the designer's surname "BOGNÁR" is placed. Since 1989, marking the establishment of the Third Hungarian Republic, Hungary has adopted a coat of arms reminiscent of the historical arms of the Árpád dynasty, which held sway over Hungary from the 9th to the 14th century. This coat of arms is a pointed base, split shield. Its first field is divided seven times with red and silver. In its second, red field, at the center of a green triple mound crowned with gold, there is a silver double cross. Atop the shield rests the Hungarian Holy Crown.
Coin description		Telstar 1, launched by NASA on July 10, 1962, facilitated the first live television broadcast between the US and Europe. Despite its premature failure after 7 months due to the Starfish Prime nuclear test, it remains in orbit. Arthur C. Clarke's visionary concept of satellite communication, dating back to 1945, inspired the development of Telstar 1. This marked a significant advancement during the Cold War, following the launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviets. Prior attempts, such as SCORE in 1958, faced challenges, including limited orbit duration and signal strength. Telstar 1, with a diameter of 88 centimeters and weighing 77 kilograms, was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station atop a Delta rocket. Engraver: György Bognár	Telstar 1 was launched on July 10, 1962, aboard a Thor-Delta carrier rocket from the Cape Canaveral base. The satellite was placed into an elliptical Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), with an inclination of 44.8 degrees relative to the Earth's equator. At its closest point, the satellite was 952 km away, and at its farthest, 5933 km away, with an orbital period of 2 hours and 37 minutes. During its orbit, 20 minutes were spent over the Atlantic Ocean, which was used for communication. This required large ground antennas, weighing hundreds of tons, to precisely track Telstar 1 with an accuracy of 0.06 degrees. Fifteen hours after liftoff, Telstar 1 successfully relayed the first experimental television still image sent from the Andover station, which Pleumeur-Bodou confirmed receiving shortly after. This marked a historic moment: television communication between two continents was established. On July 23, 1962, the first public television broadcast took place, with Europe receiving it through Eurovision and America through NBC, CBS, ABC, and CBC networks. The historic broadcast featured glimpses of the Statue of Liberty and the Eiffel Tower, followed by segments of a baseball game in Chicago and a press briefing by U.S. President John F. Kennedy. The initiative to establish satellite communication between continents was spearheaded by AT&T, leading to the formation of a consortium involving AT&T, Bell Telephone Laboratories, NASA, the British General Post Office, and the French PTT. Ground stations were set up on both continents, including the Andover Earth Station in the USA (Andover, Maine), the Goonhilly Satellite Earth Station in the UK (Goonhilly Down, Southwest England), and the Pleumeur-Bodou Earth Station in France (Pleumeur-Bodou, Brittany, Northwest France). Due to the satellite's limited capabilities, enormous antennas were installed at ground stations. In Andover, a 7-story, 340-ton dish antenna was constructed, covered by a 49-meter tall, 64-meter wide polyethylene dome for weather protection, weighing an additional 30 tons. A similar antenna was built in Pleumeur-Bodou. Telstar 1 was constructed by the team at Bell Telephone Laboratories. The nearly spherical satellite, weighing 77 kg, was covered with solar panels generating a total of 14 watts of power. Two types of antenna systems were used: a helical antenna on top of the satellite received command signals, while cavity antennas, located around the satellite's equator, transmitted TV channels or multiplexed telephone signals. The satellite was rotationally stabilized, meaning it rotated around a stabilized axis, necessitating the placement of antennas in this manner. A traveling-wave tube transponder converted and amplified the received signal in the 6 GHz band, transmitting it in the downlink 4 GHz band Engraver: György Bognár

Alexander Malioukov, 30.03.2024 01:08

Péter Kiss, 29.03.2024 12:55

#1

Field	Accept	Update	Old version
Item		500 Forint, Hungary	none

Alexander Malioukov, 30.03.2024 01:08