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The history of Antarctica emerges from early Western theories of a vast continent, known as Terra Australis, believed to exist in the far south of the globe. The term Antarctic, referring to the opposite of the Arctic Circle, was coined by Marinus of Tyre in the 2nd century AD.
On the 27th of January, 1820 a Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev discovered an ice shelf at Princess Martha Coast that later became known as the Fimbul Ice Shelf. Bellingshausen and Lazarev became the first explorers to see and officially discover the land of Antarctica continent. Several expeditions attempted to reach the South Pole in the early 20th century, during the "Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration". Many resulted in injury and death. Norwegian Roald Amundsen finally reached the Pole on 13 December 1911, following a dramatic race with the Briton Robert Falcon Scott.
This discovery is linked to Estonia because Bellingshausen was born in present-day Lahetaguse, Saaremaa County, Estonia. Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus von Bellingshausen (1778–1852), a Baltic German naval officer in the Imperial Russian Navy, cartographer and explorer, who ultimately rose to the rank of admiral.
Obverse
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Depicts the Vostok ship, surrounded by Bellingshausen's name above and "Antarctica 200" below. Country name and issue date ob the upper right. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag. Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen |
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Reverse
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A geographical map of Western Europe spans the outer ring and inner core on the right side of the coin. The inscription 2 EURO is superimposed over the map of Europe, with the numeral “2” located in an open field representing the eastern Atlantic Ocean. 2 EURO |
Edge |
ESTONIA in Estonian upright and inverted. EESTI ○ EESTI ○ |
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Characteristics
Type | Commemorative Issue (Circulating) |
Material | Bi-Metallic |
Ring | Cupronickel |
Center | Nickel Brass |
Weight | 8.5 g |
Diameter | 25.75 mm |
Thickness | 2.2 mm |
Shape | round |
Alignment | Medal |
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