Description

The Fundamental Law of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország alaptörvénye), the nation's constitution, was adopted by parliament on April 18, 2011, promulgated by the president a week later, and came into force on January 1, 2012. It is Hungary's first constitution established within a democratic framework following free elections.

This document replaced the 1949 Constitution, which was initially adopted upon the creation of the Hungarian People's Republic on August 20, 1949, and extensively amended on October 23, 1989. The 1949 Constitution was Hungary's first permanent written constitution. Until the Fundamental Law was introduced, Hungary was the only former Eastern Bloc country without a completely new constitution post-communism.

The 2011 constitution has sparked controversy both domestically and internationally. Critics argue that it was adopted without sufficient input from the opposition and broader society, that it reflects the ruling Fidesz party's ideology and entrenches its power, and that it is based on a conservative Christian worldview despite Hungary's secular nature. They also claim it restricts and politicizes previously independent institutions. The government, however, maintains that the constitution was lawfully enacted and represents the popular will.

Engraver: László Szlávics Jr.