Obverse. Photo © Magyar Nemzeti Bank
  • 2000 Forint 2017, KM# 921, Hungary, Hungarian Explorers and Their Inventions, Safety Matches by János Irinyi
  • 2000 Forint 2017, KM# 921, Hungary, Hungarian Explorers and Their Inventions, Safety Matches by János Irinyi
Description

János Irinyi (1817 – 1895) was a Hungarian chemist and inventor renowned for developing safety matches. He studied at various universities, including the University of Pest and the University of Vienna. In 1836, he invented the noiseless and non-explosive match, a significant improvement over the hazardous matches of the time, using phosphorus sesquisulfide instead of volatile white phosphorus.

In 1838, at age 21, Irinyi published a book on the theory of chemistry, focusing on acids. He also suggested improving Hungarian saline soils with gypsum and founded Hungary's first match factory in Pest in 1839.

During the 1848-49 revolution, Irinyi played a significant political role. Lajos Kossuth entrusted him with overseeing cannon casting, gunpowder production, and state-owned factories. He headed the gunpowder factory in Nagyvárad and was later imprisoned after the revolution's failure. Upon release, he withdrew from politics to concentrate on scientific work. He was also known for drafting the famous 12 points sent to Pest.

Irinyi's invention greatly reduced the risk of accidental fires and explosions from matches, significantly improving public safety and leading to widespread adoption of safer match manufacturing practices.

Engraver: Zoltán Endrődy

Obverse

Depicts the portrait of János Irinyi. The texture of the attire is repeated in the inscription "THE INVENTOR OF THE EXPLOSION-PROOF MATCH WAS BORN 200 YEARS AGO," in micro-sized letters. Along the edge, "IRINYI JÁNOS" is inscribed at the top, while on the left side, parallel to the edge, the birth and death years "1817-1895" are placed. The engraver's privy mark is visible on the left edge.

IRINYI JÁNOS
"200 ÉVE SZÜLETETT A ROBBANÁSMENTES GYUFA SZABADALMATÓJA"
1817-1895

Reverse

Depicts a burning matchstick, explosion-proof match flame on the side of a matchbox. The flame of the matchstick alternates with the colors of the rainbow in natural light and shifts with movement. On the left side, separated by a horizontal matchstick along the centerline of the commemorative coin, the denomination and the inscription "FORINT" are visible. Along the edge, "HUNGARY" is written at the top, while at the bottom left, the year of issue "2017" and the mint mark "BP." are placed. In the mint mark, micro-inscriptions become readable under at least tenfold magnification.

The Irinyi-type of match, commonly known as the "safety match," ignited when rubbed against a specially prepared surface containing red phosphorus. Unlike the earlier "strike-anywhere" matches, which could ignite spontaneously and sometimes caused accidental fires, Irinyi's matches required deliberate friction against the designated surface to light, making them safer to use. This invention significantly improved the safety and reliability of matches and had a profound impact on daily life and industry.

MAGYARORSZÁG
2000
FORINT
2017 BP.

Edge

2000 Forint

KM# 921 Adamo# EM338
Characteristics
Type Commemorative Issue (Non-circulating)
Material Copper Nickel
Weight 14 g
Diameter -
Width 28.4 mm
Height 28.4 mm
Thickness 2.5 mm
Shape square
Alignment Medal
Mint
Budapest Mint (BP)

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