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The pre-decimal penny (1d) was a coin worth 1/240th of a pound sterling. Its symbol was d, from the Roman denarius. It was a continuation of the earlier English penny, and in Scotland it had the same monetary value as one pre-1707 Scottish shilling.
Victoria (1819–1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. She inherited the throne at the age of 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children. Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe". Her reign of 63 years and seven months is known as the Victorian era and was longer than that of any of her predecessors. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire.
Obverse
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Bust of HM Queen Victoria facing left (the 'Old Head' or 'Widow Head' portrait), wearing a diadem partly covered by a veil which falls down onto her shoulder. The emblem of the Order of the Garter on her left above the truncation, partly covered by the veil. A pearl or beaded necklace about her neck with a pendant and a single-drop earrings hangs from her visible ear. Below the shoulder truncation are the engraver's initials. VICTORIA·DEI·GRA·BRITT·REGINA·FID·DEF·IND·IMP· |
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Reverse
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Britannia seated on a rock to right, wearing long, flowing robes over a breastplate of scaled armor. On her head is a Corinthian helmet with a plume. Her left hand is outstretched and raised, grasping a plain trident below the head. Her right hand rests on the edge of a large oval shield at her right side, on it are the combined crosses forming the Union Flag, her drapery partially covering the upper right of the shield. Value lettering surrounding, date underneath, sea behind. ONE PENNY |
Edge |