Profile of Sacagawea with her infant son, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau being carried on her back.

Sacagawea (1788-1812) was a Lemhi Shoshone woman who helped the Lewis and Clark Expedition achieve each of its chartered mission objectives exploring the Louisiana Purchase. With the expedition, between 1804 and 1806, she traveled thousands of miles from North Dakota to the Pacific Ocean, established cultural contacts with Native American populations, and researched natural history.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States, departing in May 1804, from near St. Louis making their way westward through the continental divide to the Pacific coast.

Engraver: Glenna Goodacre (GG)

Depicts Mary Kawena Pukui wearing a hibiscus flower, a kukui nut lei, and a muʻumuʻu adorned with an aloha print. Stylized depictions of water appear in the background. Inscriptions include “United States of America,” “$1,” and “Nānā I Ke Kumu,” which translates literally to “Look to the Source.”

Mary Kawena Pukui (1895–1986), known as Kawena, was a renowned Hawaiian scholar, linguist, and cultural historian who played a pivotal role in preserving Hawaiian language, traditions, and oral history. Born and raised on the Big Island of Hawai‘i, she was fluent in both Hawaiian and English, allowing her to bridge the gap between indigenous culture and modern society. Pukui co-authored the definitive Hawaiian-English Dictionary and contributed extensively to the study of Hawaiian proverbs, chants, and folklore, ensuring their survival for future generations. Her work remains a cornerstone in the preservation and revitalization of Hawaiian heritage.

Nāna I Ke Kumu is the title of a book series that Mary Kawena Pukui collaborated on with the Queen Liliʻuokalani Children's Center. The phrase is deeply reflective of Pukui’s life, work, and legacy, highlighting her role as a trusted source of Hawaiian knowledge. This wisdom is often symbolized by the leaves and nuts of the kukui tree, Hawaii’s state tree, representing enlightenment and guidance.

Designer: Phebe Hemphill (PH)