Obverse. Photo © Downies
  • 50 Cents 2001, KM# 561, Australia, Elizabeth II, 100th Anniversary of Federation, South Australia
  • 50 Cents 2001, KM# 561, Australia, Elizabeth II, 100th Anniversary of Federation, South Australia
Description

The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia, establishing a system of federalism in Australia. Fiji and New Zealand were originally part of this process, but they decided not to join the federation. Following federation, the six colonies that united to form the Commonwealth of Australia as states kept the systems of government (and the bicameral legislatures) that they had developed as separate colonies, but they also agreed to have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the whole nation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, on 1 January 1901, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia.

In 2001 there were many coins released into circulation by the Royal Australian Mint commemorating the Australian Centenary of Federation. A one dollar coin, ten 50 cent coins and nine 20 cent coins. Nine of the 50 cent coins depicted the coat of arms of each state and territory of Australia that were joined together in 1901 at Australia's Federation.

Obverse

Fourth crowned portrait of HM Queen Elizabeth II facing right, wearing the Girls of Great Britain and Ireland tiara.

The Girls of Great Britain and Ireland tiara was a wedding present in 1947 from her grandmother, Queen Mary, who received it as a gift from the Girls of Great Britain and Ireland in 1893 on the occasion of her marriage to the Duke of York, later George V. Made by E. Wolfe & Co., it was purchased from Garrard & Co. by a committee organised by Lady Eve Greville. In 1914, Mary adapted the tiara to take 13 diamonds in place of the large oriental pearls surmounting the tiara. At first, Elizabeth wore the tiara without its base and pearls but the base was reattached in 1969. The Girls of Great Britain and Ireland Tiara is one of Elizabeth's most recognisable pieces of jewellery due to its widespread use on British banknotes and coinage.

Engraver: Ian Rank-Broadley

ELIZABETH II AUSTRALIA 2001
IRB

Reverse

The Coat of arms of South Australia is was granted by Queen Elizabeth II on 19 April 1984. The shield has the piping shrike within a golden disc (officially said to represent the rising sun) on a blue background. Because the name piping shrike is not used to identify any bird, there has been some confusion over what bird it represents. While some think it resembles the magpie-lark (Grallina cyanoleuca), the original reports specify that it is based on the Australian magpie. The crest is the Sturt's desert pea, the floral emblem of South Australia, on top of a wreath of the State colours. The coat of arms has no supporters. The compartment, or base, is a grassland with symbols of agriculture and industry, and a motto with the name "South Australia".

South Australia became an original state of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres (379,725 sq mi), it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories. It has a total of 1.7 million people, and its population is the most highly centralised of any state in Australia, with more than 75 percent of South Australians living in the capital, Adelaide, or its environs. The state is unique in that it is the only province of the federation that was not settled by convicts.

CENTENARY OF FEDERATION
1901 2001
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
FIFTY CENTS

Edge
Characteristics
Type Commemorative Issue (Circulating)
Material Cupronickel
Weight 15.55 g
Diameter 31.5 mm
Thickness 3 mm
Shape polygon
Sides 12
Alignment Medal
Mint
Royal Australian Mint (RAM)

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