Obverse. Photo © Downies
  • 50 Cents 2001, KM# 563, Australia, Elizabeth II, 100th Anniversary of Federation, Western Australia
  • 50 Cents 2001, KM# 563, Australia, Elizabeth II, 100th Anniversary of Federation, Western Australia
Description

The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia, establishing a system of federalism in Australia. Fiji and New Zealand were originally part of this process, but they decided not to join the federation. Following federation, the six colonies that united to form the Commonwealth of Australia as states kept the systems of government (and the bicameral legislatures) that they had developed as separate colonies, but they also agreed to have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the whole nation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, on 1 January 1901, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia.

In 2001 there were many coins released into circulation by the Royal Australian Mint commemorating the Australian Centenary of Federation. A one dollar coin, ten 50 cent coins and nine 20 cent coins. Nine of the 50 cent coins depicted the coat of arms of each state and territory of Australia that were joined together in 1901 at Australia's Federation.

Obverse

Fourth crowned portrait of HM Queen Elizabeth II facing right, wearing the Girls of Great Britain and Ireland tiara.

The Girls of Great Britain and Ireland tiara was a wedding present in 1947 from her grandmother, Queen Mary, who received it as a gift from the Girls of Great Britain and Ireland in 1893 on the occasion of her marriage to the Duke of York, later George V. Made by E. Wolfe & Co., it was purchased from Garrard & Co. by a committee organised by Lady Eve Greville. In 1914, Mary adapted the tiara to take 13 diamonds in place of the large oriental pearls surmounting the tiara. At first, Elizabeth wore the tiara without its base and pearls but the base was reattached in 1969. The Girls of Great Britain and Ireland Tiara is one of Elizabeth's most recognisable pieces of jewellery due to its widespread use on British banknotes and coinage.

Engraver: Ian Rank-Broadley

ELIZABETH II AUSTRALIA 2001
IRB

Reverse

The coat of arms of Western Australia was granted by a royal warrant of Queen Elizabeth II dated 17 March 1969.The shield has a silver (argent) field, with a rippled blue and silver base. A black swan in its natural colours swims on the upper blue ripple. The crest is the Royal Crown in its proper colours on a wreath or torse of black and gold between two Kangaroo paw flowers in their natural colours of red and green. The supporters are a red Kangaroo holding in their forepaw a boomerang without any marks or symbols on it, and they stand upon a grassy compartment. There is no motto with the coat of arms.

Western Australia occupies the entire western third of the continent and is Australia's largest state with a total land area of more than 2.5 million square kilometres, the second largest country subdivision in the world, surpassed only by Russia's Sakha Republic. The state has only 2.6 million inhabitants, and 92% of the population lives in the south-west corner of the state.

The first European to visit Western Australia was a Dutch explorer, Dirk Hartog, who bumped into the coast on his way to Batavia in 1616. For the rest of the 17th century, other Dutch and British navigators encountered the coast, usually unintentionally, as demonstrated by the many shipwrecks along the coast. Settlement was formally annexed in 1827 as a response to British concerns about the possibility of a French colony being established. In 1829 the Swan River Colony was established, the British settler population reaching around 1,500, and the official name of the colony was changed to Western Australia. Population growth was very slow until significant discoveries of gold were made in the 1890's around Kalgoorlie to the east.

CENTENARY OF FEDERATION
1901 2001
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
FIFTY CENTS

Edge
Characteristics
Type Commemorative Issue (Circulating)
Material Cupronickel
Weight 15.55 g
Diameter 31.5 mm
Thickness 3 mm
Shape polygon
Sides 12
Alignment Medal
Mint
Royal Australian Mint (RAM)

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