Obverse. Photo © Downies
  • 50 Cents 2001, KM# 557, Australia, Elizabeth II, 100th Anniversary of Federation, Victoria
  • 50 Cents 2001, KM# 557, Australia, Elizabeth II, 100th Anniversary of Federation, Victoria
Description

The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia, establishing a system of federalism in Australia. Fiji and New Zealand were originally part of this process, but they decided not to join the federation. Following federation, the six colonies that united to form the Commonwealth of Australia as states kept the systems of government (and the bicameral legislatures) that they had developed as separate colonies, but they also agreed to have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the whole nation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, on 1 January 1901, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia.

In 2001 there were many coins released into circulation by the Royal Australian Mint commemorating the Australian Centenary of Federation. A one dollar coin, ten 50 cent coins and nine 20 cent coins. Nine of the 50 cent coins depicted the coat of arms of each state and territory of Australia that were joined together in 1901 at Australia's Federation.

Obverse

Fourth crowned portrait of HM Queen Elizabeth II facing right, wearing the Girls of Great Britain and Ireland tiara.

The Girls of Great Britain and Ireland tiara was a wedding present in 1947 from her grandmother, Queen Mary, who received it as a gift from the Girls of Great Britain and Ireland in 1893 on the occasion of her marriage to the Duke of York, later George V. Made by E. Wolfe & Co., it was purchased from Garrard & Co. by a committee organised by Lady Eve Greville. In 1914, Mary adapted the tiara to take 13 diamonds in place of the large oriental pearls surmounting the tiara. At first, Elizabeth wore the tiara without its base and pearls but the base was reattached in 1969. The Girls of Great Britain and Ireland Tiara is one of Elizabeth's most recognisable pieces of jewellery due to its widespread use on British banknotes and coinage.

Engraver: Ian Rank-Broadley

ELIZABETH II AUSTRALIA 2001
IRB

Reverse

The reverse design features the coat of arms of Victoria granted on 6 June 1910 by royal warrant of King George V. The state was named in 1851 after his grandmother, who was Queen at the time. Following the adoption of the pink heath as Victoria's floral emblem, Queen Elizabeth II signed a royal warrant on 28 March 1974 adding a Compartment from which the heath could grow.

There are five stars representing the Constellation of the Southern Cross. On a wreath Kangaroo holding in the paws an Imperial Crown (the current interpretation uses St Edward's Crown), with a female figure representing Peace wreathed round the temples with a Chaplet and holding in the exterior hand a branch of Olive, a like figure representing Prosperity wreathed round the temples with a Chaplet of corn and supporting with the exterior hand a cornucopia.

Victoria is Australia's most densely-populated state with most of its population living in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city, Melbourne, Australia's second-largest city. The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony, and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901, Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia. Melbourne served as a federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne's Parliament House.

CENTENARY OF FEDERATION
1901 2001
PEACE AND PROSPERITY
VICTORIA
FIFTY CENTS

Edge
Characteristics
Type Commemorative Issue (Circulating)
Material Cupronickel
Weight 15.55 g
Diameter 31.5 mm
Thickness 3 mm
Shape polygon
Sides 12
Alignment Medal
Mint
Royal Australian Mint (RAM)

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