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The Katyn massacre was a series of mass executions of Polish nationals carried out by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), the Soviet secret police, in April and May 1940.
The massacre was prompted by NKVD chief Lavrentiy Beria's proposal to execute all captive members of the Polish Officer Corps, dated 5 March 1940, approved by the Soviet Politburo, including its leader, Joseph Stalin. The number of victims is estimated at about 22,000. The victims were executed in the Katyn Forest in Russia, the Kalinin and Kharkiv prisons, and elsewhere. Of the total killed, about 8,000 were officers taken prisoner during the 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland, another 6,000 were police officers, and the rest were arrested Polish intelligentsia.
The USSR claimed that the victims had been murdered by the Nazis in 1941 and continued to deny responsibility for the massacres until 1990, when it officially acknowledged and condemned the perpetration of the killings by the NKVD, as well as the subsequent cover-up by the Soviet government.
Obverse
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An image of the eagle established as the state emblem of the Republic of Poland; on the sides of the eagle the notation of the year of issue; below the eagle an inscription ZŁ 2 ZŁ, in the rim an inscription, RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA, preceded and followed by six pearls. The mint's mark, M/W, under the eagle's left leg. RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA |
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Reverse
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Katyn is a village in the Smolensk region of Russia, about 18 km west of the modern center of Smolensk, administrative center of the rural settlement of Katyn. Katyn forest is a place of mass execution and burial of Polish officers captured by the Red Army in 1939, 1941. NR |
Edge |
6 reeded and 6 plain sections. |
Characteristics
Type | Commemorative Issue (Non-circulating) |
Material | Cupronickel |
Weight | 10.8 g |
Diameter | 29.5 mm |
Thickness | 2 mm |
Shape | round |
Alignment | Medal |
Mint |
Warsaw Mint (M/W)
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