Obverse. Photo © Heritage Auctions
  • 1 Peso 1910-1914, KM# 453, Mexico, 100th Anniversary of Mexican Independence
  • 1 Peso 1910-1914, KM# 453, Mexico, 100th Anniversary of Mexican Independence
  • 1 Peso 1910-1914, KM# 453, Mexico, 100th Anniversary of Mexican Independence, 1911: long and short ray variants
  • 1 Peso 1910-1914, KM# 453, Mexico, 100th Anniversary of Mexican Independence, 1913: even and uneven dates
Description

Mexico’s first commemorative coin, the famous Caballito (means "little horse" in Spanish) silver peso, considered one of the most beautiful of Mexican coins, marked the centennial of the Mexican Revolution.

The Mexican War of Independence was an armed conflict, and the culmination of a political and social process which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain. The war had its antecedent in Napoleon's French invasion of Spain in 1808; it extended from the Grito de Dolores by Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla on September 16, 1810, to the entrance of the Army of the Three Guarantees led by Agustín de Iturbide to Mexico City on September 27, 1821. September 16 is celebrated as Mexican Independence Day.

The Caballito Peso was designed by Beaux-Arts era French engraver and medalist Charles Pillet. It was struck from 1910 through 1914 during five of the most turbulent years in modern Mexican history – years that saw the overthrow of Mexican President Porfirio Díaz, a descent into revolutionary chaos, the assassination of Díaz’s rival and successor Francisco Madero and the infamous rise of El Chacal, Victoriano Huerta.

Obverse

Depicts the emblem used during Porfirio Diaz dictatorship, colloquially known as Porfirian Eagle.

In 1811, during Mexican’s war for independence from Spain, a Mexican eagle became a popular seal for official documents. Revolutionary leader José María Morelos y Pavón would later add the eagle to his flag. Once independence was finally won, the eagle was redesigned to reflect the famous legend. While the details of the Mexican coat of arms have evolved several times since the 1820s, the basics have not.

It depicts a Mexican golden eagle with open wings exposing chest, eating a snake with head turned right, standing on a cactus growing out of a rock in the middle of a lake. With lettering around it and denomination at the base of the cactus. And at bottom semi-circle, a laurel and olive branches tied together.

ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS
UN PESO

Reverse

Depicts a female representation of Liberty riding sidesaddle on a horse and holding a flaming torch and oak branch high above her head. Sun rays beam behind her, symbolizing independence, hope, and resilience.

In 1911 two designs were minted, a “Short Ray” and a “Long Ray” type, referring to the length of the sun's ray on the lower left side. The "Short Ray" is a carry-over from the 1910 dies and it is unclear how many coins were produced before new dies with the lengthened ray were placed in service.

•1914•

Edge

Independence and Freedom

INDEPENDENCIA Y LIBERTAD

1 Peso

Caballito

100th Anniversary of Mexican Independence

KM# 453
Characteristics
Type Commemorative Issue (Circulating)
Material Silver
Fineness 0.903
Weight 27.07 g
Diameter 39 mm
Thickness 2.6 mm
Shape round
Alignment Coin
Mint
Mexican Mint (Mo)

Related coins

Gold, 1.692 g, ⌀ 14 mm

Cupronickel, 9.07 g, ⌀ 28.98 mm

Stainless Steel, 5.9 g, ⌀ 24 mm