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Sheikh Abdullah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah (1895–1965) was the 11th ruler of Kuwait, the first Emir of the State of Kuwait, and Commander-in-chief of Kuwait Military Forces from 29 January 1950 until his death. He effectively ended the British "protectorate" status of Kuwait by signing a treaty with the British on 19 June 1961. He is regarded as the founder of modern Kuwait. He introduced the Constitution of Kuwait in 1962, followed by the Parliament in 1963. The anniversary of his coronation, 25 February, serves as Kuwait's national day.

Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah (1913–1977) was the Emir of Kuwait from 1965 to 1977. He suspended parliament in late August 1976 for 4 years, claiming it was acting against the nation.

Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah (1926–2006) of the al-Sabah dynasty, was the Emir of Kuwait and Commander of the Military of Kuwait; serving from 31 December 1977 until his death. He had previously served as minister of finance and Economy from 1962 until 1965, when he was appointed prime minister prior to becoming Kuwait's ruler.

Sheikh Sabah IV Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (1929) is the Emir of Kuwait and the Commander of the Kuwait Military Forces. He was sworn in on 29 January 2006 after confirmation by the National Assembly.