The fifth crowned portrait of HM Queen Elizabeth II facing right, wearing the George IV State Diadem and drop earrings.

The George IV State Diadem, officially the Diamond Diadem, is a type of crown that was made in 1820 for King George IV. The diadem is worn by queens and queens consort in procession to coronations and State Openings of Parliament. The piece of jewellery has been featured in paintings and on stamps and currency. It can be seen in the Queen's Gallery at Buckingham Palace.

ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA FIDEI DEFENSATRIX means Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen and Defender of the Faith.

Engraver: Jody Clark

Depicts a black hole below the scientist's name and Hawking’s equation of the entropy of a black hole.

The equation contains within it all of the most important parts of Professor Hawking’s most important discovery. It expresses neatly the idea that would come to define his work for the rest of his life: that black holes weren’t entirely black after all, and instead emitted a glow that would become known as Hawking radiation.

The s that the equation serves to calculate is entropy: a complicated but significant part of black holes, that can be understood as a measure of how much disorder is present in the system.

The rest gives the important numbers required to calculate that entropy. The ħ is the Planck constant, so important in quantum mechanics; the G is Newton’s constant, used to understand gravity; the A refers to the area of the event horizon; the c is the speed of light, made so famous by Einstein’s great formula; and the k is Boltzmann’s constant, which is a way of understanding how energy relates to temperature.

Design: Edwina Ellis