Obverse. Image Courtesy of Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS.com)
  • 3 Dollars 1854-1889, KM# 84, United States of America (USA)
  • 3 Dollars 1854-1889, KM# 84, United States of America (USA)
  • 3 Dollars 1854-1889, KM# 84, United States of America (USA), Small
Description

Three Dollar Gold Pieces were issued every year from 1854 to 1889. This unusual denomination boasts an indirect tie-in with the stamp collecting community. The price of a first-class postage stamp was 3¢ during the years in which this denomination was minted. Thus, the $3.00 Gold Piece was perfect for purchasing a complete sheet of 100 stamps.

Only a few dates in this series can be considered common (1854, 1874, 1878) and the majority of the dates in this series have mintages below 10,000 coins. Highlights of the series include the unique 1870-S Three-Dollar Gold Piece, the Proof-only 1875 and 1876, and the elusive 1854-D (the only Three-Dollar Gold Piece struck at the Dahlonega, Georgia Mint).

Although over 100,000 were struck in the first year, the coin saw little use. It circulated somewhat on the West Coast, where gold and silver were used to the exclusion of paper money, but what little place it had in commerce in the East was lost in the economic disruption of the Civil War, and was never regained. The piece was last struck in 1889, and Congress ended the series the following year.

Engraver: James Barton Longacre

Obverse

Depicts the image of a so-called “Indian Princess” representing Liberty, facing left. She wears a crown of feathers inscribed with the word LIBERTY. The words UNITED STATES OF AMERICA surround the image. Longacre's initials J.B.L. on the cutoff of the bust.

Representations of America as a female Native American, or Indian princess, dated back to the 16th century; cartographers would place a native woman, often wearing a feathered headdress, upon their version of the North American continent. This evolved into an image of an Indian queen, then an Indian princess, and although Columbia eventually came to be the favored female embodiment of the United States, the image of the Indian princess survives in the popular view of such figures as Pocahontas and Sacagawea.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
LIBERTY
J.B.L.

Reverse

Depicts an agricultural wreath composed of tobacco, wheat, corn, and cotton tied with a bow at the base. The denomination 3 DOLLARS and the date appear within the wreath. Mintmark (if any) below the knot.

1873: There are two distinct varieties for the proofs, identified by either a closed or open “3” in the date. All business strike examples of the date are of the closed 3 variety.

3
DOLLARS
1860

Edge

3 Dollars

Indian Princess
KM# 84
Characteristics
Material Gold
Fineness 0.900
Weight 5.015 g
Diameter 20.5 mm
Thickness -
Shape round
Alignment Coin
Mints
Dahlonega Mint (D)
New Orleans Mint (O)
Philadelphia Mint (no mintmark)
San Francisco Mint (S)

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