Obverse. Photo © NumisCorner.com
  • 3 Mark 1922-1923, KM# 29, Germany, Weimar Republic, Weimar Constitution Day
  • 3 Mark 1922-1923, KM# 29, Germany, Weimar Republic, Weimar Constitution Day
Description

Weimar Republic is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place. The official name of the state was still Deutsches Reich. In its fourteen years, the Weimar Republic faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremism (with paramilitaries – both left- and right-wing); and contentious relationships with the victors of the First World War.

The Constitution of the German Reich, usually known as the Weimar Constitution was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional representation. Universal suffrage was established, with a minimum voting age of 20. The constitution technically remained in effect throughout the Nazi era from 1933 to 1945.

Minted in 1922, the ‘Constitution Coin’ was also an opportunity to present the public with a new symbol of German statehood – a Reichsadler (Imperial Eagle) for the modern age. With more than 50 million examples in circulation, the coins passed into the hands of the entire population. However, German currency lost so much value during the period of hyperinflation that most of the commemorative coins re-issued in 1923 were never released.

Engravers: Josef Wackerle, Reinhard Kullrich

Obverse

Depicts the coat of arms of the German Reich (1919–28), Imperial Eagle (Reichsadler) facing left, surrounded by the inscription "Constitution Day 11th of August" and date.

After the introduction of the republic the coat of arms of Germany was also altered accounting for the political changes. The Weimar Republic (1918–1933), retained the Reichsadler without the symbols of the former Monarchy (Crown, Collar, Breast shield with the Prussian Arms). This left the black eagle with one head, facing to the right, with open wings but closed feathers, with a red beak, tongue and claws and white highlighting.

The republican Reichsadler is based on the Reichsadler introduced by the Paulskirche Constitution of 1849, which was decided by the German National Assembly in Frankfurt upon Main, at the peak of the German civic movement demanding parliamentary participation and the unification of the German states.

The Republic's first President, Friedrich Ebert, signed the new German constitution into law on 11 August 1919. In 1921 the Constitution Day on 11 August was declared the national holiday, to be celebrated as ‘the day democracy in Germany was born’. The first celebrations in 1921 were rather academic in character and modest in scale. In the years that followed, however, they became more elaborate – featuring official gatherings and open days at the Reichstag, military parades, processions, sporting events, and fairs. However, these events did little to increase the holiday’s popularity.

VERFASSUNGSTAG 11. AUGUST 1922 *

Reverse

Value in centre with date below, lettering around outside, mint mark between acorns at bottom.

DEUTSCHES REICH
3
MARK
1922
J

Edge

3 Mark

Weimar Constitution Day

KM# 29 Schön# 26 Jaeger# 303
Characteristics
Type Commemorative Issue (Circulating)
Material Aluminium
Weight 1.95 g
Diameter 28 mm
Thickness 1.55 mm
Shape round
Alignment Medal
Mints
Bavarian Central Mint (D)
Berlin State Mint (A)
Hamburg Mint (J)
Karlsruhe State Mint (G)
Muldenhütten Mint (E)
Stuttgart State Mint (F)

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