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The term Kniefall von Warschau, also referred to as Warschauer Kniefall, (both German for "Warsaw genuflection") refers to a gesture of humility and penance by West German Chancellor Willy Brandt towards the victims of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was the 1943 act of Jewish resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto in German-occupied Poland during World War II to oppose Nazi Germany's final effort to transport the remaining ghetto population to Majdanek and Treblinka concentration camps. After the Grossaktion Warsaw of summer 1942, in which more than a quarter of a million Jews were deported from the ghetto to Treblinka and murdered, the remaining Jews began to build bunkers and smuggle weapons and explosives into the ghetto.
The uprising started on 19 April when the ghetto refused to surrender to the police commander SS-Brigadeführer Jürgen Stroop, who then ordered the burning of the ghetto, block by block, ending on 16 May. A total of 13,000 Jews died, about half of them burnt alive or suffocated. It was the largest single revolt by Jews during World War II.
Obverse
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Depicts German Chancellor Willy Brandt on his knees in front of a monument to the German occupation-era Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, surrounded by the inscription "50th Anniversary of the Warsaw Genuflection", date and mintmark in the centre-left, engraver's initials on top and mintmark (A for Berlin, D for Munich, F for Stuttgart, G for Karlsruhe, J for Hamburg) on centre-right. 50 JAHRE KNIEFALL BB |
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Reverse
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A geographical map of Western Europe spans the outer ring and inner core on the right side of the coin. The inscription 2 EURO is superimposed over the map of Europe, with the numeral “2” located in an open field representing the eastern Atlantic Ocean. 2 EURO |
Edge |
UNITY AND JUSTICE AND FREEDOM in German, Germany's national motto and the beginning of Germany's national anthem, followed by the Federal Eagle EINIGKEIT UND RECHT UND FREIHEIT |
2 Euro
50th Anniversary of the Warsaw Genuflection
KM# 388
50th Anniversary of the Warsaw Genuflection
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Characteristics
Type | Commemorative Issue (Circulating) |
Material | Bi-Metallic |
Ring | Cupronickel |
Center | Nickel Brass |
Weight | 8.5 g |
Diameter | 25.75 mm |
Thickness | 2.2 mm |
Shape | round |
Alignment | Medal |
Mints |
Bavarian Central Mint (D) Berlin State Mint (A) Hamburg Mint (J) Karlsruhe State Mint (G) Stuttgart State Mint (F)
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