Obverse. Photo © Heritage Auctions
  • 50 Kopecks 1832-1858, C# 167, Russia, Empire, Nicholas I, Alexander II
  • 50 Kopecks 1832-1858, C# 167, Russia, Empire, Nicholas I, Alexander II
  • 50 Kopecks 1832-1858, C# 167, Russia, Empire, Nicholas I, Alexander II, Edge
Description

In the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries 50 Kopecks had individual names Poltina or Poltinnik.

This coin has been unchanged during the reigns of the following Russian Emperors:

Nicholas I (1796–1855) was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855. He was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. He is best known as a political conservative whose reign was marked by geographical expansion, repression of dissent, economic stagnation, poor administrative policies, a corrupt bureaucracy, and frequent wars that culminated in Russia's disastrous defeat in the Crimean War of 1853-56. His reign had an ideology called "Official Nationality" that was proclaimed officially in 1833. It was a reactionary policy based on orthodoxy in religion, autocracy in government, and Russian nationalism.

Alexander II (1818-1881) was the Emperor of Russia from 1855 until his assassination in 1881. He was also the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Finland. Alexander was the most successful Russian reformer since Peter the Great. His most important achievement was the emancipation of serfs in 1861, for which he became known as Alexander the Liberator. In foreign policy, Alexander sold Alaska to the United States in 1867. Among his greatest domestic challenges was an uprising in Poland in 1863, to which he responded by stripping that land of its separate Constitution and incorporating it directly into Russia.

Obverse

Depicts the lesser coat of arms of the Russian Empire with mintmark below in a circle, surrounded by the fine weight: "Pure silver 2 zolotniks 10 1/2 parts".

The lesser coat of arms included a two-headed state eagle crowned with two imperial crowns, over which the same third crown, enlarged. The state eagle held a scepter and globus cruciger. On the chest of the eagle there was an escutcheon with the arms of Moscow, depicting Saint George, mounted and defeating the dragon, with the addition of the collar of the Order of Saint Andrew around the escutcheon of St. George, and the arms of Astrakhan, Siberia, Georgia, Finland, Kiev-Vladimir-Novgorod, Taurica, Poland and Kazan on the wings (seen clockwise).

A zolotnik was a small Russian unit of weight, equal to 0.1505 avoirdupois ounces, or 4.2658 grams. Used from the 10th to 20th centuries, its name is derived from the Russian word zoloto, meaning gold. As a unit, the zolotnik was the standard for silver manufacture, much as the troy ounce is currently used for gold and other precious metals. This unit was originally based on a coin of the same name. The zolotnik circulated in the Kievan Rus until the 11th century; it was equal in weight to the Byzantine Empire's solidus.

Variations for the Warsaw Mint:
1843, 1844: eagle's tail straight or curved

Mint master marks:
НГ — Nikolai Grachev
АЧ — Alexei Chadov
КБ — Constantine Butenev
ПА — Pavel Alexeev
HI — Nikolai Iossa
ФБ — Fedor Blum

Mint mark:
MW — Warsaw Mint

К Б
ЧИСТАГО СЕРЕБРА 2 ЗОЛОТНИКА 10 1/2 ДОЛЕЙ

Reverse

Denomination COIN RUBLE in the center, date and the mint mark below. Wreath of laurel (victory) and oak (strength) around. Russian imperial crowns on the top.

There were several variations of the reverse:
1. 1839: crown wide or narrow
2. 1847: wreath branches with 6 or 7 buds
3. 1853: crown small or big

For the Warsaw Mint:
1843: bow small or large

Mint mark: С.П.Б. — Saint Petersburg Mint

МОНЕТА
ПОЛТИНА
1845
С.П.Б.

Edge

Silver • Fineness 83 1/3 2 zolotniks • 41 7/25 parts

CEP • 83 1/3 ПРОБЫ 4 ЗОЛ • 82 14/25 ДOЛИ

Characteristics
Material Silver
Fineness 0.868
Weight 20.73 g
Diameter 35.5 mm
Thickness 2.4 mm
Shape round
Alignment Medal
Alt # C# 167.1, C# 167.2
Mints
Saint Petersburg Mint (SPMD)
Warsaw Mint (M/W)

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