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Pehr Kalm (1716–1779), also known as Peter Kalm, was a Finnish explorer, botanist, naturalist, and agricultural economist. He was one of the most important apostles of Carl Linnaeus.
In 1747, he was commissioned by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to travel to the North American colonies in order to bring back seeds and plants that might be useful to agriculture. Among his many scientific accomplishments, Kalm can be credited with the first description of Niagara Falls written by a trained scientist. In addition, he published the first scientific paper on the North American 17-year periodical cicada, Magicicada septendecim.
Kalm wrote an account of his travels that was translated into numerous European languages; a 20th-century translation remains in print in English as Peter Kalm's Travels in North America: The English Version of 1770, translated by Swedish-American scholar Adolph B. Benson.
The Mint of Finland commemorated Pehr Kalm, the greatest Finn of the age of the Enlightenment, by issuing a commemorative coin.
The collector coin is part of the Europa Coin Programme, also known as the European Silver Programme, or the Eurostar Programme. It is an initiative dedicated to the issuance of collector-oriented legal tender coins in precious metals to celebrate European identity. The issuing authorities of EU member countries voluntarily contribute coins to the Europa Coin Programme. Multiple countries have participated in the programme, beginning in 2004. Some coins are denominated in euro, others are denominated in other currencies.
Engraver: Erkki Vainio
Issue date: 28.1.2011
Obverse
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Depicts a beautiful mountain laurel, the country name in Finnish and Swedish as well as the issue date above. The Latin name of the flower, the logo of the Mint of Finland (lion) and the engraver's initial (e) below. SUOMI FINLAND 2011 |
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Reverse
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Depicts Niagara Falls and the explorer making some measurements with the help of a sextant. The Eurostar logo (the special mark used on coins to indicate participation in the Europa Coin Programme) on the right. The inscription "The Linnaeus's Apostles" in Latin above. The name of the explorer and dates of his life on the left, the value on the right. APOSTOLVS LINNAEI |
Edge |