Description

Hathor was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion who played a wide variety of roles. As a sky deity, she was the mother or consort of the sky god Horus and the sun god Ra, both of whom were connected with kingship, and thus she was the symbolic mother of their earthly representatives, the pharaohs. She was one of several goddesses who acted as the Eye of Ra, Ra's feminine counterpart, and in this form she had a vengeful aspect that protected him from his enemies. Her beneficent side represented music, dance, joy, love, sexuality, and maternal care, and she acted as the consort of several male deities and the mother of their sons. These two aspects of the goddess exemplified the Egyptian conception of femininity. Hathor crossed boundaries between worlds, helping deceased souls in the transition to the afterlife.

Obverse

Depicts Amulet of Hathor as a uraeus wearing a naos headdress, early to mid-first millennium BC.

The goddess face on this small piece is less angular than those seen on many sistra: although broad through the cheeks, the brow and chin are rounded, and her features are less drawn out and stylized. The goddess wears a vulture cap whose pattern of small feathers can be seen above and at the sides of her head over her typical wig, creating a busy pattern equally atypical of many Saite sistra. The busy detail and more normalized features suggest a different place or date of production than the sistra: the piece may be closer in date to the Ptolemaic Period.

Over her head appears the podium crown. On either side is a uraeus cobra, the marker of the goddess’s very close relation to the king-like gods Horus and Re – and related to the goddess’s own sky and sun aspects – and to the king. The cobra on the left wears the white crown and the one on the right the red crown. The elaborate markings on the cobra hood are visible in side view.

The back is flat. Four vertical piercings indicate this element is a spacer.

Reverse

Stylized state name (Arab Republic of Egypt) divides denomination in Arabic and English and abbreviation of state name (A.R.E.) below, the date in Arabic (Hijri) and Western (Georgian) divides by a vulture with open wings. Engraver's initials (ECC) below.

In Ancient Egypt, the vulture hieroglyph was the uniliteral sign used for the glottal sound (/ɑː/). The bird was held sacred to Isis in ancient Egyptian religion. The use of the vulture as a symbol of royalty in Egyptian culture and their protection by Pharaonic law made the species common on the streets of Egypt and gave rise to the name "pharaoh's chicken".

5 ٥ جمهورية مصر العربية
LE جـ
A.R.E.
1414 1993 ECC ١٤١٤ ١٩٩٣

Edge
Characteristics
Type Commemorative Issue (Non-circulating)
Material Silver
Fineness 0.999
Weight 22.5 g
Diameter 39 mm
Thickness -
Shape round
Alignment Medal
Mint
Mexican Mint (Mo)

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