Description

Trade unionism grew first in the cigarette sector following a successfully coordinated strike from December 1889 to February 1900 and over the next ten years, trade unions were founded to represent workers in the textiles industry, printers, metal workers, barbers and lawyers clerks.

Following Egypt's formal independence in the mid-1950s trade unions were incorporated into state structures and only one officially recognized national center existed. Starting in the 1970s and intensifying dramatically during the first decade of the 21st century, an independent, organised (but unofficial) labor movement took root in the country. This movement ultimately played a significant role in the Egyptian revolution of 2011 and the subsequent growth of independent trade unions and trade union pluralism. However, with the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état and changes in laws governing trade unions, the situation for labor rights significantly worsened. In March 2018, independent unions were dissolved and required to re-register within 60 days; of 1,000 independent unions in existence previously, only 122 were recognized by the state within the time frame.