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Pope Pius XI, (Italian: Pio XI) born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (1857–1939), was head of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to his death in 1939. He was the first sovereign of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929. He took as his papal motto, "Pax Christi in Regno Christi," translated "The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ."
During his pontificate, the longstanding hostility with the Italian government over the status of the papacy and the Church in Italy was successfully resolved in the Lateran Treaty of 1929. He was unable to stop the persecution of the Church and the killing of clergy in Mexico, Spain and the Soviet Union. He canonized important saints, including Thomas More, Peter Canisius, Bernadette of Lourdes and Don Bosco. He beatified and canonized Thérèse de Lisieux, for whom he held special reverence, and gave equivalent canonization to Albertus Magnus, naming him a Doctor of the Church due to the spiritual power of his writings. The end of his pontificate was dominated by speaking out against Hitler and Mussolini and defending the Catholic Church from intrusions into Catholic life and education.
The coins with the year 1938 XVII have never been issued, for the death of the pontiff.
Engraver: Aurelio Mistruzzi
Obverse
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Crowned Pope Pius XI's coat of arms dividing date surrounded by the Latin inscription (Pope's name and year of the reign). PIVS XI P· M· AN·XV |
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Reverse
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Olive branch divides value, surrounded by the state name. Engraver's name below (INC is the Italian abbreviation for the engraver). STATO DELLA CITTA' DEL VATICANO |
Edge |