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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1919–1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah, was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979. He was the second and last monarch of the House of Pahlavi. Mohammad Reza came to power during World War II after an Anglo-Soviet invasion forced the abdication of his father, Reza Shah Pahlavi.
Mohammad Reza gradually lost support from the Shi'a clergy of Iran as well as the working class, particularly due to his strong policy of modernisation, laïcité, conflict with the traditional class of wealthy merchants known as bazaaris, relations with Israel, and corruption issues surrounding himself and the royal family, and the ruling elite.
Several other factors contributed to strong opposition to the Shah amongst certain groups within Iran, the most significant of which were US and UK support for his regime, and clashes with leftists and Islamists. By 1979, political unrest had transformed into a revolution which, on 17 January, forced him to leave Iran. Soon thereafter, the Iranian monarchy was formally abolished, and Iran was declared an Islamic republic led by Ruhollah Khomeini (known in the West as Ayatollah Khomeini).
Obverse
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Value within crowned wreath, an inscription above "Mohammad Shah Shahanshah of Iran" in Persian. Date below in Monarchical Calendar System (MS) or in Solar Hejira (SH). محمد رضا شاه بهلوى شاهنشاه ایران |
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Reverse
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Depicts an Emblem of the Imperial State of Iran (radiant lion holding sword, 1932-1980) within crowned wreath. Value in Persian below. بنج ریال |
Edge |
5 Rials
KM# 1175a
Characteristics
Material | Cupronickel |
Weight | 5 g |
Diameter | 25.6 mm |
Thickness | 1.35 mm |
Shape | round |
Alignment | Coin |