Obverse. Photo © Monetnik.ru
  • 5 Rials 1959-1967, KM# 1175a, Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
  • 5 Rials 1959-1967, KM# 1175a, Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Description

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1919–1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah, was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979. He was the second and last monarch of the House of Pahlavi. Mohammad Reza came to power during World War II after an Anglo-Soviet invasion forced the abdication of his father, Reza Shah Pahlavi.

Mohammad Reza gradually lost support from the Shi'a clergy of Iran as well as the working class, particularly due to his strong policy of modernisation, laïcité, conflict with the traditional class of wealthy merchants known as bazaaris, relations with Israel, and corruption issues surrounding himself and the royal family, and the ruling elite.

Several other factors contributed to strong opposition to the Shah amongst certain groups within Iran, the most significant of which were US and UK support for his regime, and clashes with leftists and Islamists. By 1979, political unrest had transformed into a revolution which, on 17 January, forced him to leave Iran. Soon thereafter, the Iranian monarchy was formally abolished, and Iran was declared an Islamic republic led by Ruhollah Khomeini (known in the West as Ayatollah Khomeini).

Obverse

Value within crowned wreath, an inscription above "Mohammad Shah Shahanshah of Iran" in Persian. Date below in Monarchical Calendar System (MS) or in Solar Hejira (SH).

Mohammad Reza Shah took the title Shahanshah ("King of Kings") on 26 October 1967.

Under Mohammad Reza's reign, Iran marked the anniversary of 2,500 years of continuous Persian monarchy since the founding of the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great – concurrent with this celebration, Mohammad Reza changed the benchmark of the Iranian calendar from the Solar Hejira (SH) to the beginning of the First Persian Empire, measured from Cyrus the Great's coronation. The Monarchical Calendar System (MS) was adopted in 1976 and was abandoned in 1978. The Solar Hejira was in use in Iran from 1925 until the introduction and after the abolishment of the MS.

محمد رضا شاه بهلوى شاهنشاه ایران
۵
ريال
١٣ ۵۴

Reverse

Depicts an Emblem of the Imperial State of Iran (radiant lion holding sword, 1932-1980) within crowned wreath. Value in Persian below.

The Lion and Sun motif is one of the better-known emblems of Iran. The motif has many historical meanings. First, it was an astrological and zodiacal symbol. Under Safvis and first Qajar kings, it received a specifically Shi'ite interpretation. In Safavid era the lion and sun stood for two pillars of the society, state and religion. It became a national emblem during the Qajar era.

At the top of the coat of arms was the Pahlavi crown, created for the Coronation of Reza Shah in 1926, and the collar of the Order of Pahlavi was under the shield.

بنج ریال

Edge
Characteristics
Material Cupronickel
Weight 5 g
Diameter 25.6 mm
Thickness 1.35 mm
Shape round
Alignment Coin

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