Obverse. Photo © Monetnik.ru
  • 1 Sol 2023, KM# 439, Peru, 200th Anniversary of Peruvian Independence, José Manuel Valdés
  • 1 Sol 2023, KM# 439, Peru, 200th Anniversary of Peruvian Independence, José Manuel Valdés
Description

The series of nine coins marks the bicentennial of the nation’s independence in 2021 and represents individuals of the 18th and 19th centuries that fought for independence.

The Peruvian War of Independence was composed of a series of military conflicts in Peru beginning with viceroy Abascal military reconquest in 1811 in the battle of Guaqui, continuing with the definitive defeat of the Spanish Army in 1824 in the battle of Ayacucho, and culminating in 1826 with the Siege of Callao. The wars of independence took place with the background of the 1780–1781 uprising by indigenous leader Túpac Amaru II and the earlier removal of Upper Peru and the Río de la Plata regions from the Viceroyalty of Peru. Because of this the viceroy often had the support of the "Lima Oligarchy", who saw their elite interests threatened by popular rebellion and were opposed to the new commercial class in Buenos Aires. During the first decade of the 1800s Peru had been a stronghold for royalists, who fought those in favor of independence in Peru, Bolivia, Quito and Chile. Among the most important events during the war was the proclamation of independence of Peru by José de San Martín on 28 July 1821.

Obverse

Depicts the coat of arms of Peru surrounded by the inscription "Central Reserve Bank of Peru", date below.

Peruvian coat of arms consisting of three elements: the top left section shows the vicuña, the national animal, representing the fauna of Peru; the tree in the top right section is the cinchona tree (the source of quinine, a powerful anti-malarial drug and the key flavorant in tonic water), representing the national flora; and the bottom cornucopia with coins spilling from it, represents the mineral resources of the country. It has a palm branch on its left and an laurel one on its right, tied by a ribbon, as well as a Holm oak Civic Crown above it. These represent God, gold, and glory.

BANCO CENTRAL DE RESERVA DEL PERÚ
2023

Reverse

Depicts a portrait of José Manuel Valdés, value below. On the left side the inscription "Bicentennial 1821-2021", his name above. The symbol LMA on the right represents the mark of the National Mint on a background of vertical lines.

José Manuel Valdés was a pivotal Afro-Peruvian physician during the emancipation and early Republic era. Born in Lima amidst the caste system, Valdés faced racial barriers to higher education. However, his exceptional intellect prompted the city council and even Hipólito Unanue to successfully petition the Crown for Valdés to pursue degrees in Medicine at the Royal University of San Marcos in 1806.

Beyond contributing to Peruvian medicine, Valdés actively supported the emancipation movement. He held esteemed positions such as member of the Peruvian protomedicate and the Royal Medical Academy of Madrid, government chamber doctor, professor of medicine, substitute deputy for Lima, general protomedic of the Republic, and director of the Independence College. Valdés' religious devotion and passion for the humanities were evident in his patriotic odes and mystical texts, contributing to the early republican literature of Peru.

JOSÉ MANUEL
VALDÉS
BICENTENARIO
1821-2021
1 SOL
LMA

Edge
Characteristics
Type Commemorative Issue (Circulating)
Material Nickel Zinc
Weight 7.32 g
Diameter 25.5 mm
Thickness 3.02 mm
Shape round
Alignment Coin
Mint
Lima Mint

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